NATURAL SCIENCE NOTES.
BASIC 3.
THINGS THAT MAKE WATER IMPURE.
Water is anything colourless, odourles andtasteless liquid that we drink.
SOURCES OF WATER.
a.Pond b.Well
c.River d. Tap
e.Lake f. Rain
g.Stream h. Spring
i. Lagoon j. Sea.
An impure water is water that has colour and contains a lot of particles.
Therefore, an impure is not safe for drinking.
One can get sick when one drinks an impurewater as it contains germ and dirt.
DISEASES CAUSED AS A RESULT OF DRINKING IMPURE WATER.
a. Cholera b. Typhoid
c. Diarrhea e. Bilharzia
f. Intestinal worms.
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION.
1. Urinating in water bodies.
2. Swimming in water bodies.
3. Using chemicals like D.D.T for fishing.
4. Illegal mining.
5. Farming near water bodies.
6. Throwing rubbish into water bodies.
AIR
Air is a mixture of gases.
PROPERTIS OF AIR.
Properties of air refer to its quality.
1. Air has mass(weight)
2. Air has temperature.
3. Air has volume( it occupies space).
4. Air is transparent.(we can see through it)
5. Air pulls and pushes objects.
6. Air contains some water vapour.
7. Air moves at some speed…NB. A moving air is known as wind.
8. Air supports burning.
THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM.
External body parts.
The external parts of the human body are the parts that we can see outside.
Examples of the external body parts.
1. Legs
2. Mouth
3. Hands
4. Eyes.
5. Ears
6. Nose
7. Buttocks e.t.c.
PARTS OF THE EXTERNAL BODIES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.
PARTS OF THE BODY.
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FUNCTIONS.
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• Leg
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Kicking and walking
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• hand
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Throwing,writing,eating
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• eyes
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For seeing.
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• nose
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For smelling.
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• mouth
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For talking and eating.
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• buttocks
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For sitting.
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THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
Solar system is a system which is made up of the sun, the planets(including Earth) and other heavenly bodies.
THE SUN
The sun is a heavenly body that gives the greatest light in the sky.
It is bigger than any other heavenly body in the sky.
The sun is always at one place. It does not move.
USES OF THE SUN.
1. The sun gives us light which helps us to see things.
2. Sunlight helps pupils to read and write at school.
3. The sun makes the weather warm.
4. Light from the sun helps plants to make their own food.
5. The sun serves as a source of energy.
THE MOON.
1.The moon is the biggest and brightest object in the sky at night.
2.It is the nearest heavenly body to the earth.
3.The moon appears to change its shape from time to time.
4.The appearance of the moon changes because different parts of it are lighted by the sun.
5.There is no air on the moon to carry sound or for people to breathe.
USES OF THE MOON
1. The moon lights up the sky.
2. People use the moon to make calenders.
3. The moon causes the sea to rise(high tide) and to fall(low tide).
4. It provides a place for humans to visit.
5. Muslims depends on the moon during the fasting month of Ramadan.
6. Without the moon there will be no eclipse of the sun.
THE EARTH.
1.The Earth is our world in which we live.
2.It looks like a globe.
3.The earth is the only heavenly body which support life.
4.It is about four times bigger than the moon.
NATURAL SCIENCE NOTES
FEATURES THAT ENABLE ORGANISMS TO LIVE IN THEIR HABITAT.
A habitat is a living place of an organism.
It is also a natural home living things.
TYPES OF HABITAT.
1. Terrestrial habitat : This is a living place of living organisms on land.
Examples of animals that live on land.
Bush pigTortoise
Cheetah Ostrich
ZebraRabbit
ElephantFox
ScorpionEarthworm, and many more.
2. Aquatic habitat: This is a living place of animals in water.
Examples of animals that live in water.
Octopus Salmon
Crocodile Lobster
Frog Tilapia
Turtle Dolphin
Starfish Mudfish and many others.
3. Arboreal habitat: This is a living place of animals in the air.
Examples of animals that live in the air.
Bat Bee
Butterfly Monkey
Chameleon Crow
Vulture Sparrow and many others.
OBSERVABLE FEATURES THAT ENABLE ORGANISMS TO LIVE SUCESSFULY IN
THEIR HABITAT.
FISHES: They are able to live in water by having the following features.
1. Eyes, which enable them to see in water.
2. Mouth, which enable them to feed.
3. Gills, which helps them to breathe in water. This means that fish cannot live on land.
4. Fins, which enable them to swim.
5. Nostril, which helps them to smell things.
FROG: The following features helps the frog to live in water.
1. Eyes, which helps to see things.
2. Skin, which enables them to breathe in water.
3. Webbed feet, which helps it to swim.
4. Sticky tongue which enables it to catch insects and eat.
Although frogs spend most of its time in water, it can also live on land.
This makes the frog an amphibian.
BIRDS: They are able to live in their habitat by having the following features.
1. Wings, which enable them to fly.
2. Beak, which help them to eat.
3. Eyes, which enable them to see.
4. Legs, which help them to walk and land after flying.
GRASSHOPER: It is able to live on the grass field bu having the following
Features.
1. Strong back legs for hopping.
2. Eyes for seeing things.
3. Mouth, for chewing leaves of plants.
4. Wings, for short flights.
1. Green leaves, which enables it to make its own food(photosynthesis)
2. Leaves, which contains a lot of air which makes it float on water.
3. Roots, which are able to grow in water.
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION.
1. The use of drinking of polluted water leads to outbreak of borne diseases.
2. Polluted water destroys aquatic life.
3. Fish and other water products become unhealthy for consumption.
4. Portable water becomes scarce.
WAYS OF PROTECTING WATER BODIES.
1. Avoid disposal of refuse or garbage into water bodies.
2. Fishermen should avoid the use of chemicals for fishing.
3. We should protect our water bodies by planting trees around them.
4. Strict punishment should be given to people who defecate into and around water bodies.
5. Farming along water bodies should be discouraged.
6. Industrial, commercial and domestic waste should be properly disposed off.
MEANING OF GARDEN.
KETWORDS: Nature, plan, Cultivation, Compost, Erecting, Graffiti, Supplies, Equipment, Fencings, Harvesting.
A garden is a planned space set aside for the cultivation of plants and other forms of nature.
TYPES OF GARDEN.
1. School garden
2. Home garden.
3. Community garden.
4. Flower garden.
HOW TO MAKE A GARDEN.
A: Planning a garden.
1. Decide what type of garden to grow.
2. Decide what specific plants to include in the garden.
3. Choose a spot or place for your garden.
B: Getting ready to plant.
BUY GARDENING SUPPLIES.
Things you will need.
• Seeds or young plants
• Soil fertilizer and topsoil.
• Compost
• Mulch
• Soil tilling equipment
• A shovel and spade.
• A garden hose.
• Fencing materials.
BENEFITS OF GARDENING AT HOMENOR IN THE COMMUNITY.
1. Gardening for yourself is a great exercise.
2. Gardens give us healthy food.
3. Gardening lowers your food bill.
4. Gardening provides a habitat for other animals.
5. Gardening gives us the opportunity to learn about plants and animals.
NATURAL SCIENCE NOTE(PART 3)
BASIC THREE
SOURCES AND FORMS OF ENERGY
Energy is the ability to work.TYPES OF ENERGY.
1. Light energy
2. Heat energy
3. Solar energy
4. Sound energy
5. Kinetic energy
6. Kinetic energy.
LIGHT AS A FORM OF ENERGY.
Light is a form of energy that helps us to see things.
SOURCES OF LIGHT.
Candle, electric bulb, match sticks, car headlight, burning firewood,
Flashlight, lantern, television, computer, smartphone, sun, moon, lightning, stars
Glow-worm and fireflies.
The sun is the biggest light source on Earth.
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THERE WERE NO LIGHTS ON EARTH?
The Earth is the home of all living and non-living things.
Therefore if there were no light on Earth:
The Earth would have been a dark place for all living things to live and survive.
We cannot go to school and learn or play with our friends.
Plants will not be able to make their own food, because they need sunlight.
Animals would die, because they depend on plants for food.
People would die, because all of us depend on both plants and animals.
HEAT AS A FORM ENERGY.
Heat is form of energy that flow from one place to another.
Heat flows as a result of temperature difference.
Temperature is how hot or cold something is.
Sources of energy.
1. The Sun
2. Pressing iron
3. Rubbing hands
4. Lightning
5. Lighted stove
6. Charging a laptop or phone.
7. Burning firewood or charcoal
8. Lighted candle
9. Lighted bulb.
EVERYDAY USES OF HEAT.
1. The heat energy from the sun helps our clothes to dry after washing them.
2. Heat enables us to cook our food.
3. Keeping rooms warm by the use of heaters during cold weather.
4. Heating water for bathing during cold weather.
5. Baking bread and pastries for people to eat.
6. Toasting bread for breakfast.
7. Farmers use heat energy to dry harvested crops like maize, pepper and cocoa.
8. Heat is used for hair styling.
9. Heat helps wound to heal.
10. Heat is used to straighten up newly sown clothes by seamstresses.
