13 - 07 - 2020 NOTES
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Lesson Note Two
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
FORM ONE
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to :
a. Identify subjects of given sentences.
b. Identify the forms of verbs that go with subjects in speech and writing.
c. Construct ten sentences with appropriate use of subject- verb agreement.
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
This simply means that the subject and verb agree in number in any given sentence
Both the subject and verb must either be singular or plural in a sentence.
Subject
This refers to the doer of an action. The subject is also the thing or person about whom a statement is made.
The subject comes before the main verb in a given sentence.
The subject provides an answer to the question who? or what?
The subject in a sentence can either be a noun or a pronoun. The subject can also take the form of a compound subject thus, it is made up of more than one person or thing.
NOTE
A. Singular subjects agree with singular verbs. In this case, a singular verb takes the 's' form. Here are some examples.
1. (The student) (walks) to school.
subject -The student verb -walks
2. (The boy) always (comes) to school late.
Subject - The boy
Verb -comes
3. (The pen) (belongs) to me.
Subject -The pen
Verb -belongs
Where the verb ends in 'o' or 'h', we add 'es' to form the singular form thus
go - goes
catch- catches
watch- watches
snatch- snatches
Examples
1. Mary (goes) to the theater every weekend.
2. The hawk (catches) chicks everyday.
3. Offei snatches money from his mum's bag anytime he gets the opportunity.
B. Plural subjects take plural verbs. Here are some examples.
1. (The women) (are) here.
Subject- The women
Verb - are
2. (My friends) (visit) me on Sundays.
Subject- My friends
Verb - visit
3.(John, Jason and Tom) live in my neighborhood.
Subject- John, Jason and Tom
Verb - live
Exercise
Identify the verb that goes with the subject in each sentence below.
1. Koomson (is, are) reading an abridged version of Shakespeare's Macbeth.
2. Her results ( was, were) very good.
3. Adjoa (drives, drive) very slow.
4. Mary and Jane (eats, eats) too fast.
5. Linda and Ruth (go, goes) to the market every Saturday.
6. The caretaker (watch, watches) the baby closely to avoid any unfortunate situation .
ADVERBS AND THEIR TYPES
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:
a. state three types of adverbs.
b. identify adverbs in speech and writing.
c. use adverbs appropriately in sentences.
ADVERB
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
modifies
In grammar, the term, modifies means, to add more meaning to a word.
An adverb tells us more about a word it modifies. In other words, an adverb adds more meaning to a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
For instance, the verb _read can be modified with some
adverbs such as: fast -read fast,
silently-read silently,
slowly- read slowly, fluently-read fluently etc)
We can also modify an adjective such as tall with adverbs which include:
very -very tall,
quite - quite tall
so- so tall
too- too tall etc.
In the third instance, adverbs such as very, too, so etc can modify another adverb late as in :
very- very late
too - too late
so - so late
TYPES OF ADVERBS
There are many types of adverbs.
Three of these include:
1. Adverbs of time.
2. Adverbs of place.
3. Adverbs of manner.
1. ADVERBS OF TIME.
An adverb of time is the adverb that indicates the time of an action or when an action takes place.
Examples of adverbs of time include: morning, yesterday, often, sometimes, usually, now, soon, today then, tomorrow, next week, yet, suddenly, immediately, already, after etc.
Here are a few examples.
a. We went to the cinema yesterday .
b. He will be with you soon .
c. I left immediately I got the message.
2. ADVERBS OF PLACE.
An adverb of place points to the direction or place of an action.
Some examples of adverbs of place are: here, there, everywhere, nowhere, anywhere, somewhere, above, on, out, outside, inside etc.
Let's consider these examples.
a. The parcel is nowhere to be found.
b. He stood outside waiting for you.
c. Mr Ansah placed his valuables there .
3. ADVERBS OF MANNER.
An adverb of manner indicates or shows how a particular action is done.
Some examples of adverbs of manner include: happily, hurriedly, angrily, beautifully, remarkably, sadly, shamefully, calmly, rudely, carelessly etc.
Here are some examples.
a. James spoke angrily to his mum.
b. Luke red the letter sadly.
c. Sully Adamu always drives carelessly.
NOTE
Many adverbs derived from adjectives have ' ly ' endings.
Some examples include:
angry - angrily
beautiful- beautifully
silent - silently
loud - loudly
happy - happily
However, there are some adjectives with ly endings but they are not adverbs. These adjectives include:
ugly
friendly
lovely etc.
